In 2025, we are seeing a range of medical monitoring devices — being introduced in the market.

Some of these are meant for home use and some for hospital use. Either way, it’s good news for biomedical engineers because the technology used is a step forward in patient monitoring devices.

The accuracy, precision, and convenience has remarkably improved.

In this post, we’ll enlist the top 5 patient monitoring devices of 2025. Let’s dive in! 

Top 5 Latest Patient Monitoring Devices

Note: This isn’t an exhaustive list. These devices have been thoughtfully curated by our expert researchers.

1. Smart Glucose Monitors 

Smart glucose monitors are smart because:

• No finger pricking required
• Continuous, real-time glucose tracking
• Incredibly, accurate results

These monitors are usually hand-held devices and some examples include Abbott freestyle blood sugar monitor, Dexcom Stelo, and Eversense 365.

Here’s what the device looks like:

Freestyle Blood Sugar Monitor

How does it work?

Unlike traditional glucometers, which require a blood sample, these monitors use a tiny sensor inserted under the skin or optical technology to measure glucose through the skin.

The sensor sends real-time data to a smartphone or wearable device, allowing patients and healthcare providers to monitor fluctuations without manual testing.

1. Attach the sensor to the skin (arm, abdomen, or other recommended site) or insert it just beneath the skin, depending on the device type.

2. Use a smartphone app or a reader to activate the sensor and start tracking glucose levels.You can even set up alerts.

Some monitors can connect to insulin pumps or hospital systems for automated adjustments.

And this device may require the user to change the sensor every 10–14 days to maintain accuracy.

Inside the Device

Smart glucose monitors are built on advanced biosensing, microfluidics, and wireless communication to provide real-time glucose tracking.

Let’s break down the key components and technologies that make these medical monitoring devices work.

1. Biosensors – Detecting Glucose Levels

At the core of every smart glucose monitor is a biosensor, which detects glucose concentration using one of these methods:

• Electrochemical Sensors – These use an enzyme (glucose oxidase) that reacts with glucose, producing an electrical signal proportional to the glucose level. This is common in devices like the Freestyle Libre.

• Optical Sensors – Some devices, like Eversense 365, use fluorescence-based sensors that measure how glucose interacts with light.

• Raman Spectroscopy – An emerging technology that uses laser light to measure glucose non-invasively through the skin.

2. Microfluidics – Handling Small Fluid Samples

Some smart glucose monitors rely on microfluidic channels to transport interstitial fluid (the fluid surrounding cells) to the biosensor. These microchannels help in:

• Reducing blood sample size (or eliminating it completely).
• Ensuring faster reaction times for real-time glucose tracking.

3. AI and Predictive Analytics

Once glucose data is collected, AI-driven algorithms analyze it to:

• Detect trends in blood sugar fluctuations.
• Predict potential hypoglycemic (low sugar) or hyperglycemic (high sugar) events.
• Provide personalized insulin recommendations.

This allows patients and doctors to act before a serious glucose spike or drop happens.

4. Wireless Data Transmission

To ensure convenience, smart glucose monitors send data wirelessly using:

• Bluetooth – For real-time syncing with smartphones and smartwatches.

• Near Field Communication (NFC) – Used in devices like the Freestyle Libre, where a smartphone can scan the sensor to retrieve data.

• Cloud Connectivity – Some models send data to electronic health records (EHRs), making remote monitoring easier.

5. Integration with Insulin Pumps

Many smart glucose monitors work with automated insulin delivery systems. They can connect to insulin pumps via:

• Closed-loop systems (Artificial Pancreas) – Where glucose readings automatically adjust insulin delivery.

• Open-loop systems – Where the patient manually adjusts insulin based on smart monitor readings.

What could be improved?

a) Accuracy issues–  Glucose readings can be affected by:

• Hydration levels
• Sensor placement
• The need for periodic calibration in some models

b) Non-invasive monitoring limitations 

• Optical and sweat-based sensors are still being refined
• Current non-invasive methods may not yet match the accuracy of invasive sensors

c) Affordability concerns 

• Advanced patient monitoring devices can be expensive
• Limited access for some patients due to high costs

d) Battery life improvements needed

• Some models require frequent charging or battery replacements

e) Integration with other medical monitoring devices 

• Seamless data sharing with insulin pumps, hospital systems, and EHRs is still evolving

2. Wearable Blood Pressure Monitors 

Wearable blood pressure monitors are changing the way we keep track of our heart health. These devices are designed to be worn on the wrist or arm, making it easy to monitor blood pressure anytime, anywhere.

What’s the innovative aspect?

• Convenience: No more bulky cuffs. Just wear it like a watch.
• Continuous Monitoring: Track your blood pressure throughout the day.
• User-Friendly: Easy to use with simple instructions.

Some popular models include the Omron HeartGuide, Aktiia Bracelet, and even Samsung Galaxy Watch Ultra!

How does it work?

Wearable blood pressure monitors use advanced sensors to measure blood pressure. Here’s how to use it:

1. Start by wearing the device on your wrist or upper arm, depending on the model. Make sure it’s snug but comfortable.

2. Open the companion app on your smartphone. Pair the device with your phone via Bluetooth or another wireless connection.

3.  Press the start button on the device or app to begin measuring your blood pressure. The device will use its sensors to detect changes in blood flow and pressure.

4. Once the measurement is complete, the app will display your blood pressure readings in real-time. You can see both systolic and diastolic numbers.

5. Over time, the app will collect data and show trends in your blood pressure. This helps you and your healthcare provider understand your heart health better.

Inside the Device:

Like other wearable health monitoring devices, wearable blood pressure monitors use sensor-based detection methods.

The key technology in play includes:

1️⃣ Pulse Transit Time (PTT) Technology – Measures the time difference between heartbeats and blood flow in peripheral arteries.

2️⃣ Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensors – Use light to detect blood volume changes in arteries.

3️⃣ AI and Machine Learning – Analyzes trends to provide accurate blood pressure estimates.

What could be improved?

a) Accuracy Variability – Readings can be affected by:

• Body movement
• Skin tone variations
• Sensor placement

b) Non-Invasive Limitations – While convenient, non-cuff-based monitors still require validation against traditional devices.

c) Affordability – High costs can limit accessibility for some patients.

d) Battery Life – Frequent recharging may be needed, reducing long-term usability.

e) Data Integration Issues – Some hospital systems and EHRs lack seamless compatibility with wearable devices.

3. Microfluidic Patches

Microfluidic patches have upgraded traditional blood sampling and laboratory-based diagnostic techniques. 

They provide a non-invasive, on-the-skin alternative to methods like venipuncture and lab tests, allowing for continuous and real-time monitoring of biomarkers through sweat analysis. This innovation enhances convenience and comfort for users, reducing the need for frequent blood draws.

So the  key wins with this patient monitoring device are:

• Non-invasive monitoring: They analyze sweat instead of blood.
• Real-time health insights: Continuous tracking of various biomarkers.
• Flexible and comfortable: Designed to be worn on the skin without discomfort.

These patches are typically small and flexible, with examples including the Gatorade GX Sweat Patch and the Epicore Biosystems patch.

Source

How does it work?

Microfluidic patches use tiny channels to collect and analyze sweat directly from the skin.

1. Place the patch on a clean, dry area of your skin, like your forearm.
2. Some patches activate automatically, while others may require a smartphone app.
3. The patch collects sweat and uses microchannels to transport it to sensors that measure biomarkers like glucose, electrolytes, or hydration levels.
4. Results are sent to a smartphone app, providing real-time insights.

Similar to other remote patient monitoring devices on this list, you can set up notifications for any unusual readings or to track hydration levels during exercise.

Inside the Device:

Microfluidic patches rely on advanced microfluidics, biosensors, and wireless communication to provide real-time health monitoring.

1. Microfluidics – Handling Sweat Samples
   • Microchannels transport sweat to sensors, allowing for:
     • Minimal sample size: Efficiently uses small amounts of sweat.
     • Rapid analysis: Provides quick results for real-time monitoring.

2. Biosensors – Detecting Biomarkers
   • Electrochemical Sensors: Measure ions and metabolites in sweat.
   • Colorimetric Sensors: Change color based on sweat composition, providing visual feedback.

3. Wireless Data Transmission

• Bluetooth: Syncs data with smartphones for easy access.
• Cloud Connectivity: Some models store data in the cloud for long-term tracking.

What could be improved?

a) Fluid volume limitations – Current patches can only sample small amounts of fluid, which can limit the range of biomarkers detected.

b) Accuracy issues – Sensors may need refinement to provide more consistent, accurate readings in diverse environments.

c) Affordability and accessibility – While microfluidic technology is promising, high costs may prevent widespread use, particularly in developing countries.

4. Implantable Cardiac Monitors

Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are small, long-lasting devices implanted under the skin to monitor heart rhythms continuously. They are primarily used in patients at risk of arrhythmias or other heart-related issues. These devices provide invaluable long-term data about the heart’s electrical activity, alerting doctors to any irregularities like arrhythmias or bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate).

Implantable cardiac monitors are essential because:

• Continuous heart monitoring: Tracks heart rhythms 24/7.
• Long-term data collection: Provides comprehensive heart health insights.
• Minimal lifestyle disruption: Small and discreet under the skin.

These monitors are typically implanted devices, with examples including the Medtronic Reveal LINQ and the Abbott Confirm Rx.

Source

How does it work?

ICMs are implanted under the skin to continuously monitor heart activity.

1. A simple outpatient procedure places the device under the skin.
2. The device records electrical activity of the heart continuously.
3. Sends data wirelessly to a receiver or smartphone app.
4. Notifies you and your doctor of any irregular heart rhythms.
5. Regular doctor visits ensure the device is functioning properly.

Inside the Device:

ICMs use advanced sensors, data storage, and wireless communication to monitor heart health.

1. Sensors – Detecting Heart Activity
   • Electrodes: Record electrical signals from the heart.
   • Algorithms: Analyze signals to detect arrhythmias.
2. Data Storage and Transmission
   • Internal Memory: Stores data for later review.
   • Wireless Communication: Transmits data to healthcare providers for analysis.
3. Battery Life
   • Long-lasting: Typically lasts several years before needing replacement.

What could be improved?

a) Data reliability – While ICMs are highly accurate, improving their ability to distinguish between benign arrhythmias and those requiring intervention could help doctors make faster, more accurate decisions.

b) Battery life – Though ICMs last for several years, improving battery technology could further extend their lifespan.

c) Remote integration – Enhancing the integration with more advanced systems, such as artificial intelligence algorithms, could offer even more precise predictive analysis for heart conditions.

Other than that, this device is slightly invasive. It requires a minor surgical procedure for implantation. Given this, there’s a high initial cost (roughly ranging from $5000 – $10,000) and potential insurance limitations.

As part of the broader category of remote patient monitoring devices, ICMs complement other heart monitoring devices like the ECG machine by providing continuous data.

5. Ingestible Sensors 

Ingestible sensors are a revolutionary advancement in medical monitoring, allowing real-time tracking of internal health without the need for external equipment. These tiny sensors are consumed in the form of pills, and once inside the body, they transmit valuable data about the digestive system, medication adherence, and internal temperature.

Ingestible sensors are groundbreaking because:

• Internal health monitoring: Provides insights from within the body.
• Medication adherence tracking: Ensures patients take medications as prescribed.
• Non-invasive data collection: No need for external devices.

These sensors are typically pill-sized devices, with examples including the Proteus Digital Health sensor and the Medimetrics IntelliCap.

Source

How does it work?

Ingestible sensors are swallowed to monitor internal health metrics.

You simply swallow the sensor with water, like a regular pill.

As it travels through the digestive system, it collects data on pH levels, temperature, or medication absorption. The sensor then sends data wirelessly to a patch worn on the skin, which then transmits it to a smartphone app.

You can use the app to view detailed health insights. And set up notifications for medication adherence or unusual readings.

Inside the Device:

Ingestible sensors use advanced miniaturization, biosensors, and wireless communication to provide internal health monitoring.

1. Biosensors – Detecting Internal Metrics
   • Chemical Sensors: Measure pH, temperature, or drug levels.
   • Microelectronics: Process and transmit data.
2. Wireless Data Transmission
   • Bluetooth or RF: Sends data to a skin patch or smartphone.
   • Cloud Connectivity: Stores data for long-term analysis.
3. Power Source
   • Biodegradable Batteries: Power the sensor for its journey through the body.

What could be improved?

a) Cost: Advanced technology can be expensive.

b) Data Privacy: Ensuring secure data transmission and storage.

c) Regulatory Approval: Navigating complex approval processes for medical devices

Final Words

2025’s advancements in patient monitoring devices is pretty promising for healthcare.

The top five devices highlighted—smart glucose monitors, wearable blood pressure monitors, microfluidic patches, implantable cardiac monitors, and ingestible sensors—demonstrate a clear trend towards non-invasive, continuous monitoring and personalized medicine. These innovations represent various types of monitoring devices that are transforming patient care.

Although these devices are not completely fault free, data integration, ongoing innovation promises to overcome the present hurdles — leading to more accessible and effective remote patient monitoring in the years to come.

The future of healthcare is undeniably connected and increasingly convenient!